Figure 1

Graphic computation of USM encoding by generating forward (Equation 1) and backward (Equation 2) CGR successions. See Table 1 for the numeric representation. The graphic format makes it easy to verify that each position is obtained by moving the coordinates half the distance to the identity edge of the next sequence unit. Note also how the circular seeding, (Figure 2) causes the first coordinate computed for each map to be at half the distance between the last coordinate and the identity edge of the first sequence unit.