Fig. 4

Simulations show that PACTION quickly and accurately reconstructs comprehensive clonal architectures. a Clone recall of PACTION in the pci and pcti mode for simulation instances with increasing number m of samples. Clone recall of PACTION in b pci mode and c pcti mode for different noise levels h and number m of samples. d Parent-child distance between the clone tree in the ground truth and the solution of PACTION in the pcti mode for simulation instances with increasing number m of samples. e Number of solutions to the error-free version of the pcti problem (with additional constraint of \(J(U, U_1, U_2) = 0\)) by SPRUCE (Additional file 1: Section C) for increasing number n of clones. f Running time of PACTION in the pci and pcti modes for simulation instances with increasing number m of samples. Running time of PACTION in g pci mode and h pcti mode for simulation instances with increasing number n of clones and number m of samples